Machine Learning: Origins, Developments and Implications
First published:
ISBN: 978-1-78272-445-2
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Consciousness
Consciousness
Preface
Introduction: human-machine entanglement
Machine learning: origins
Useful tools
Decision trees
Introduction to neural networks
Back-propagation
Regularisation
Optimisation
Building neural networks
Early applications of machine learning
Interpreting neural network decisions
Predicting corporate bond returns
Deep learning networks
Applications of deep learning networks
Machine intelligence
Consciousness
The future and its challenges
Artificial intelligence and the military
Final thoughts
Appendix
Epilogue
Acknowledgements
What is consciousness and what is it made of? Why is it important? When and how did it originate? Those questions are the subject of this chapter. The construction and testing of a machine to mimic a conscious human is described, along with its implications for machine intelligence. In addition, a blueprint for building a machine to mimic consciousness in a fashion analogous to the human brain is presented. That is, the design of the ‘conscious’ machine is based on its correspondence to the imputed mechanism of human consciousness. Finally, the usefulness of consciousness for humans and machines is discussed.
16.1 WHAT IS CONSCIOUSNESS AND WHAT IS IT MADE OF?
The dictionary defines consciousness as the awareness of internal and external stimuli (OpenStaxCollege 2023). But what is “awareness”? The Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary defines awareness as “the quality or state of being aware; having knowledge and understanding that something is happening or exists”.11 “Awareness”, URL: http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/awareness. Awareness of external stimuli includes seeing the light from the Sun, feeling the warmth of a room and hearing the voice of a friend. This requires
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