Journal of Financial Market Infrastructures

Risk.net

Central clearing and trade cancellation: the case of London Metal Exchange nickel contracts on March 8, 2022

John Heilbron

  • Trade cancellation runs in tension with a primary function of CCPs, which is to help ensure contract performance.
  • Because of contract cancellation, LME Clear avoided declaring members in default, but other market participants incurred losses.
  • A CCP that avoids drawing on its “skin-in-the-game” capital because of trade cancellation could have less incentive to monitor clearing members’ creditworthiness.
  • The UK High Court upheld the LME’s authority to cancel trades, making future instances of trade cancellations more likely.

In March 2022, nickel prices on the London Metal Exchange (LME) nearly quadrupled in just three trading days, threatening to put several clearing members into default and exhaust the default fund at LME Clear, the exchange’s central counterparty (CCP). The LME responded in an unprecedented fashion, by cancelling eight hours of nickel market trades. Though challenged in court, its authority to do so was ultimately upheld. This paper documents the market stress and LME’s response in order to understand the implications of the trade cancellation decision for financial stability and CCP powers going forward. While LME’s trade cancellation helped to alleviate distress, its decision runs counter to the function of a CCP, which is to ensure contract performance. In upholding LME’s right to void contracts, the court’s verdict could change how CCP rule books are applied under financial distress, potentially creating scope for moral hazard or other adverse consequences.

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